Mars

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Mars is the fourth planet and the furthest terrestrial planet from the Sun. The reddish color of its surface is due to finely grained iron(III) oxide dust in the soil, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". Mars’s radius is second smallest among the planets in the Solar System at 3,389.5 km (2,106 mi). It has a surface gravity of 3.72 m/s2 (12.2 ft/s2), which is 38% of Earth's gravity. The Martian dichotomy is visible on the surface: on average, the terrain on Mars’s northern hemisphere is flatter and lower than its southern hemisphere. Mars has a thin atmosphere made primarily of carbon dioxide and two irregularly shaped natural satellites: Phobos and Deimos.

Geography and features

Volcanoes

The vast upland region Tharsis contain several extinct volcanoes, which include the shield volcano Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus). The edifice is over 600 km (370 mi) wide.

Designations

  1. Mean radius 3389.5 ± 0.2 km (2106.1 ± 0.1 mi)
  2. Equatorial radius 3396.2 ± 0.1 km (2110.3 ± 0.1 mi; 0.533 Earths)
  3. Polar radius 3376.2 ± 0.1 km (2097.9 ± 0.1 mi; 0.531 Earths)r